Solving grammar’s greatest puzzle

How a determined student made Sanskrit’s ‘language machine’ work for the first time in 2,500 years A grammatical problem which has defeated Sanskrit scholars since the 5th Century BC has finally been solved by an Indian PhD student at the University of Cambridge.

Rishi Rajpopat (St John's College) made the breakthrough by decoding a rule taught by “the father of linguistics” Pāṇini. The discovery makes it possible to 'derive' any Sanskrit word – to construct millions of grammatically correct words including ‘mantra’ and ‘guru’ – using Pāṇini’s revered ‘language machine’ which is widely considered to be one of the greatest intellectual achievements in history. Leading Sanskrit experts have described Rajpopat’s discovery as ‘revolutionary’ and it could now mean that Pāṇini’s grammar can be taught to computers for the first time. While researching for his PhD thesis, published on 15th December 2022, Dr Rajpopat decoded a 2,500 year old algorithm which makes it possible, for the first time, to accurately use Pāṇini’s ‘language machine’. Pāṇini’s system – 4,000 rules detailed in his renowned work, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, which is thought to have been written around 500BC – is meant to work like a machine. Feed in the base and suffix of a word and it should turn them into grammatically correct words and sentences through a step-by-step process. Until now, however, there has been a big problem. Often, two or more of Pāṇini’s rules are simultaneously applicable at the same step leaving scholars to agonise over which one to choose. Solving so-called 'rule conflicts', which affect millions of Sanskrit words including certain forms of ‘mantra’ and ‘guru’, requires an algorithm. Pāṇini taught a metarule – termed by Rajpopat ‘1.4.2 vipratiṣedhe paraṁ kāryam’ – to help us decide which rule should be applied in the event of ‘rule conflict’ but for the last 2,500 years, scholars have misinterpreted this metarule meaning that they often ended up with a grammatically incorrect result. In an attempt to fix this issue, many scholars laboriously developed hundreds of other metarules but Dr Rajpopat shows that these are not just incapable of solving the problem at hand – they all produced too many exceptions – but also completely unnecessary. Rajpopat shows that Pāṇini’s ‘language machine’ is ‘self-sufficient’. “Pāṇini had an extraordinary mind and he built a machine unrivalled in human history. He didn’t expect us to add new ideas to his rules. The more we fiddle with Pāṇini's grammar, the more it eludes us.” Rishi Rajpopat Traditionally, scholars have interpreted Pāṇini’s metarule as meaning: In the event of a conflict between two rules of equal strength, the rule that comes later in the grammar’s serial order wins. Rajpopat rejects this, arguing instead that Pāṇini meant that between rules applicable to the left and right sides of a word respectively, Pāṇini wanted us to choose the rule applicable to the right side. Employing this interpretation, Rajpopat found Pāṇini’s language machine produced grammatically correct words with almost no exceptions. Take ‘mantra’ and ‘guru’ as examples. In the sentence 'devāḥ prasannāḥ mantraiḥ' ('The Gods [devāḥ] are pleased [prasannāḥ] by the mantras [mantraiḥ]') we encounter ‘rule conflict’ when deriving mantraiḥ ‘by the mantras’. The derivation starts with ‘mantra + bhis’. One rule is applicable to left part 'mantra' and the other to right part 'bhis'. We must pick the rule applicable to the right part ‘bhis’, which gives us the correct form ‘mantraiḥ’. And in the the sentence 'jñānaṁ dīyate guruṇā' ('Knowledge [jñānaṁ] is given [dīyate] by the guru [guruṇā]') we encounter rule conflict when deriving guruṇā 'by the guru'. The derivation starts with ‘guru + ā’. One rule is applicable to left part 'guru' and the other to right part 'ā'. We must pick the rule applicable to the right part ‘ā’, which gives us the correct form ‘guruṇā’.

Eureka moment As Rajpopat struggled to make progress, his supervisor at Cambridge, Professor Vincenzo Vergiani, Professor of Sanskrit, gave him some prescient advice: “If the solution is complicated, you are probably wrong.” “Six months later, I had a eureka moment,” Rajpopat says. “I was almost ready to quit, I was getting nowhere. So I closed the books for a month and just enjoyed the summer, swimming, cycling, cooking, praying and meditating. “Then, begrudgingly I went back to work, and, within minutes, as I turned the pages, these patterns starting emerging, and it all started to make sense. “At that moment, I thought to myself, in utter astonishment: For over two millennia, the key to Pāṇini’s grammar was right before everyone's eyes but hidden from everyone's minds!" “There was a lot more work to do but I’d found the biggest part of the puzzle. Over the next few weeks I was so excited, I couldn’t sleep and would spend hours in the library including in the middle of the night to check what I’d found and solve related problems. That work took another two and half years.”

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Everyone should do Household Chores - Learning Life Skills - To Survive, Sustain & Grow

NOBODY CAN ONLY AFFORD A CAREER! 

Household chores are something you will have to do at some point in life.

The image of west that is being FED to us is completely WRONG and BIASED and one-sided. We think all western women are independent, they work and they do not contribute to household, so even we want the same, because we think it’s very Indian to work in a house, or to cook or clean, it’s very INDIAN to work for a better home, and it’s Indian mentality and Indian parents who force the daughter in law to do so.

But the reality is ENTIRELY opposite!

In India, we can at least afford the house-hold help. In West, you simply can’t do that. Any housekeeper will charge you according to his per-hour labor, and let’s assume you want a housekeeper for basic household activities like cleaning, dusting, cooking, washing clothes and utensils and let’s assume you have him for 5 hours a day. In India, you can afford a housekeeper for Rs 5000 per month (in posh cities like Mumbai/Bangalore) which is WAY cheaper than West!

So, most of the western households do all their works on their own! And they also work outside, manage their homes, contribute towards cooking, cleaning and doing everything on their own - WHICH IS MANAGEABLE!

They cook, clean, wash all by themselves, even prepare breakfast, lunch & dinner everyday, and if they can do that, I believe everyone can! We can have now dishwashers, washing machines, dryers and robotic mops to help!

Here are some fun experiments to try out.

• Go to a classroom and ask the students to write out a chit regarding what they want to become when they grow up without mentioning their names. Go through the results after collection.
  
  You may not find a chit that mentions housewife.
• Stand outside a supermarket and ask everyone who is coming out— ‘Excuse me, I am doing an experiment. Could you please answer this question— What are some things you enjoy doing?’ Record all their responses and listen to them.
  
  You may not find a person who says ‘I enjoy washing and drying clothes, cleaning the floor, or washing utensils.’
• Go to an apartment and set up a short meeting with the residents. Ask them if they are willing to increase the pay for their maids as an annual increment every year to keep up with the inflation.
  
  You may find the majority say ‘No. There is no difference in their work.’ This should give you an idea that it is a thankless job.

So you see

Women never liked doing house chores in the first place. They never felt passionate about washing clothes and cleaning vessels.

It is patriarchy that pushed them to that situation through conditioning and conveniently assumed they enjoyed it to the extent that they were ready to give up a 2LPM salary to do a 2000-rupee job.

Today, with education, social media, liberty, and more open-mindedness, all those conditioning started to crumble and fall.

So, if you believe household work is done out of interest, men also should develop that interest.

SO - It is NOT compulsory for an Indian girl to do household chores after marriage. It is MANDATORY for every HUMAN BEING to do household chores for HIMSELF!

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The gender advantage: Women who misuse it & men who bears it

 “To be born a man in India is a crime. And to marry an Indian girl is a heinous crime. And this is because of anti-men laws in the name of laws to protect women.”

Is it an Issue with your EGO or your SPIRIT?

India regularly gets hauled over the coals for its shabby treatment of women but never gave a thought about women harassing a man?

Recently men’s rights activists scored a significant victory in India when the Supreme Court essentially identified them as the victims in domestic violence cases. The judges weren’t making the law gender-neutral, however. They stated that Indian women were filing inaccurate claims of domestic violence.

“Most of such complaints are filed in the heat of the moment over trivial issues”. It went on to state that women were not visualizing the “implications and consequences” of registering a criminal complaint against their abusive husbands. “Uncalled for arrest may ruin the chances of settlement” and because of this sometimes the victims are turned up to be a culprit in this country.

If using the rights given by the Indian constitution for threatening somebody and still being safe is women’s right then I don’t think we were a woman deserve these laws? Women rights are given for protection and these days women are using it as a shield to make the victim sound as their culprit.

This assumed belief leads to disappointments, that courts are places where innocents get harassed, so the only way to get justice is to harass the opponents and thereby that harassment will force them to come to the bargaining table and close the cases.

The only way to stop false cases is to work towards rigorous prosecution of all false cases and false pieces of evidence, including the wrong investigation by police.

Indian society laughs on a man when he says he has been raped. India ridicules any complaint about male rape. Indian feminists and society think that only men are perpetrators of a heinous crime like rape and they don’t get that even women can rape a man. This is so disgusting; Owing to such psyche there are no laws for men who are survivors of rape.

One could list at great length of many problems that afflict men today, including the male suicide epidemic, the paucity of resources for male victims of domestic violence and the falling behind of young men and boys in education. However, there is one fundamental factor related to all these problems that men encounter: there is a lack of mainstream acceptance of systemic men’s issues which is compounded by the absence of male advocacy groups with a broad remit to make the case at a political level and the level of the media.

Men have started sharing their agony, torture, and harassment by women/spouses. It is time to recognize their problem as a social and public health issue and develop appropriate strategies and interventions. They are no longer stronger than women. They need help in crisis and family violence: Particularly violence by a spouse is a crisis. Male victims of violence can be saved/helped through appropriate intervention such as recognition of violence against men by women as a public health issue; helpline for the male victims of violence; and education, awareness, and legal safeguards.

Kindly understand that gender equality is a human issue.

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What are the most important things we need to teach our children early in their life?

 

Today’s globally interconnected and interdependent world where we raise our children is very different from the world we grew up in.

In order for children to grow up prosperous and happy in today’s world, they need to gain awareness of how connected we are, and the sooner they learn about it, the better.

We should teach them about the planet we live on, so that they understand how we exist in a single ecosystem, with myriad interactions running throughout nature’s still, vegetative, animate and human levels.

We should also teach them about the solar system, the influence of the sun and the moon over the Earth, how seasons change, and how natural forces shape our lives.

In terms of human development, we should show children that divided civilizations and nations become antagonistic and filled with problems, while united ones prosper.

Most importantly, we need to teach them the interconnectedness and interdependence of nature’s forces as a single system and their effect on us. They should understand that even though they connect through today’s technologies, their connection extends beyond technology to other people and nature on all of its levels.

The goal of emphasizing humanity’s and nature’s interconnectedness in children’s education is to nurture their positive connections with their environment, i.e. with other people and nature. If they grow up with a sensation that caring for other people and nature positively affects them, and vice versa, that not caring about other people and nature negatively affects them, then they will bypass a lot of suffering and live enjoyable, peaceful and harmonious lives.

The key point in this connection-enriching education is to understand that our attitude to other people and nature is an ongoing relationship. We can then understand the reciprocity in nature. Thriving relationships, whether in families, friendships, couples, work relations, or in society at large, require mutual consideration. The advantages of reaching genuine friendship and even love in a relationship always override the efforts we apply to get there. Therefore, gaining awareness of our interconnectedness and interdependence should lead us to the conclusion that we should invest in our connections to realize our interdependence positively.

Animals have no instinctive drive to harm other animals. Any killing of other animals that they do is out of necessity for their survival, but not out of a sinister intention to enjoy the other animals’ suffering. People, however, have an additional egoistic quality, as it is written, “The inclination of a man’s heart is evil from his youth.” We should thus raise our children with a constant concern that they will learn the interconnectedness and interdependence of everyone and everything, and think and act accordingly.

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कृपया ध्यान से पढ़े़ं , पति - पत्नी का 🙋🏻‍♂ ★ एक खूबसूरत संवाद

 मैंने एक दिन अपनी पत्नी से पूछा 

       क्या तुम्हें बुरा नहीं लगता,

    मैं बार-बार तुमको बोल देता हूँ, 

       डाँट देता हूँ , फिर भी तुम 

  ◆  पति भक्ति में लगी रहती हो, ◆

       ❗ जबकि मैं कभी ❗

पत्नी भक्त बनने का प्रयास नहीं करता ?

    मैं वेद का विद्यार्थी और मेरी पत्नी

         विज्ञान की, परन्तु उसकी 

  आध्यात्मिक शक्तियाँ मुझसे कई गुना 

  ज्यादा हैं , क्योकि मैं केवल पढता हूँ,

            ❗और वो  ❗

     जीवन में उसका पालन करती है.

      मेरे प्रश्न पर, जरा वो हँसी, और 

       गिलास में पानी देते हुए बोली ~

          ये बताइए, एक पुत्र यदि 

     माता की भक्ति करता है, तो उसे 

      मातृ भक्त कहा जाता है, परन्तु 

            माता यदि पुत्र की 

             कितनी भी सेवा करे,

               उसे पुत्र भक्त तो 

           नहीं कहा जा सकता न.

              मैं सोच रहा था,

    आज पुनः ये मुझे निरुत्तर करेगी.

      मैंने प्रश्न किया ~ ये बताओ ....

       जब जीवन का प्रारम्भ हुआ, तो 

         पुरुष और स्त्री समान थे,

   फिर पुरुष बड़ा कैसे हो गया, जबकि

     स्त्री तो शक्ति का स्वरूप होती है ?

  मुस्काते हुए उसने कहा ~आपको 

   थोड़ी विज्ञान भी पढ़नी चाहिए थी.

              मैं झेंप गया.

       उसने कहना प्रारम्भ किया ~

    दुनिया मात्र दो वस्तु से निर्मित है ...

         ◆  ऊर्जा और पदार्थ, ◆

    पुरुष -->  ऊर्जा का प्रतीक है, और

     स्त्री  -->  पदार्थ की.

   पदार्थ को यदि विकसित होना हो, तो 

     वह ऊर्जा का आधान करता है, 

         ना की ऊर्जा पदार्थ का.

     ठीक इसी प्रकार ... जब एक स्त्री 

    एक पुरुष का आधान करती है, तो 

       शक्ति स्वरूप हो जाती है, और 

         आने वाली पीढ़ियों अर्थात् 

             अपनी संतानों के लिए 

             प्रथम पूज्या हो जाती है, 

                      क्योंकि 

             वह पदार्थ और ऊर्जा

         दोनों की स्वामिनी होती है,

                जबकि पुरुष 

    मात्र ऊर्जा का ही अंश रह जाता है.

         मैंने पुनः कहा ~

          तब तो तुम मेरी भी

            पूज्य हो गई न, क्योंकि 

              तुम तो ऊर्जा और पदार्थ 

                दोनों की स्वामिनी हो ?

अब उसने झेंपते हुए कहा ~ आप भी 

    पढ़े लिखे मूर्खो जैसे बात करते हैं.

           आपकी ऊर्जा का अंश 

            मैंने ग्रहण किया, और 

          शक्तिशाली हो गई, तो क्या 

            उस शक्ति का प्रयोग 

             आप पर ही करूँ ?

         ये तो कृतघ्नता हो जाएगी.

          मैंने कहा ~ मैं तो तुम पर

            शक्ति का प्रयोग करता हूँ ,

                फिर तुम क्यों नहीं ?

              उसका उत्तर सुन ...

         मेरी आँखों में आँसू आ गए.

    उसने कहा ~ जिसके संसर्ग मात्र से 

       मुझमें जीवन उत्पन्न करने की 

              क्षमता आ गई, और 

          ईश्वर से भी ऊँचा जो पद 

          आपने मुझे प्रदान किया,

      ★  जिसे माता कहते हैं  ★

उसके साथ मैं विद्रोह नहीं कर सकती.

    फिर मुझे चिढ़ाते हुए उसने कहा ~

      यदि शक्ति प्रयोग करना भी होगा, 

         तो मुझे क्या आवश्यकता ?

  👉  मैं तो माता सीता की भाँति

           लव कुश तैयार कर दूँगी,

              जो आपसे मेरा

          हिसाब किताब कर लेंगे.  👈

🙏 नमन है ... सभी मातृ शक्तियों को

        जिन्होंने अपने प्रेम और मर्यादा में 

          समस्त सृष्टि को बाँध रखा है.

विज्ञान और अध्यात्म का अनोखा संगम, सृष्टि की रचना का अद्भुत व्याख्यान।

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Happy family day💚

 આજે "પરિવાર" દિવસ ( ફેમિલી ડે) છે. 

મેસેજ વાંચ્યા પછી લખવાની ઈચ્છા થઈ ગઈ એટલે લખ્યું✍🏼

 આ સંસાર તો પ્રભુ નો પરિવાર છે, એટલે  બધાની  સાથે પ્રેમપૂર્ણ વ્યવહાર રાખવો જોઈએ.

 ચારે બાજુથી થતા હોય વાર પર વાર તોય સાથે ઉભો રહે તેનુ નામ "પરિવાર"©️

પિતા થી મોટો કોઈ સલાહકાર નથી, 

માં ના ખોળા થી મોટી કોઈ દુનિયા નથી, 

ભાઈ થી મોટો કોઈ ભાગીદાર નથી, 

બહેન થી મોટી કોઈ શુભચિંતક નથી, 

પત્ની થી મોટો કોઈ દોસ્ત નથી, 

દિકરા-દિકરી થી મોટા કોઈ  મદદગાર નથી, 

એટલે જ 

"પરિવાર" થી મોટુ કોઈ ધન નથી,  અને 

એટલા માટે

 "પરિવાર" વગર કોઈ જીવન નથી.🫶🏽 

 ઘડિયાળ ના કાંટા જેવો "પરિવાર" હોવો જોઈએ. 

🕐ભલે એક ફાસ્ટ હોય, 

🕢ભલે એક ધીમો હોય, 

🕕ભલે એક મોટો હોય, 

🕡ભલે એક નાનો હોય, 

પણ  જો કોઈ ના

🕛 12 વગાડવા 🕛હોય ત્યારે "પરિવાર" ના બધા સાથે જ હોય. ©️👭

 સમય,  દોસ્ત અને  "પરિવાર"

  એ એવી વસ્તુ છે કે જે મફત મા  મળે છે પણ એની

 કિંમત ત્યારે જ ખબર પડે છે જ્યારે *તે ક્યાંક ખોવાઈ જાય છે. ❗

🙏જો પરમાત્મા ની  પાસે કંઈક માંગવુ હોય તો, 

 "પરિવાર" ની  એકતા, અને ખુશી માંગજો, કારણ કે 

🎋

મંદિરો ની બહાર ગરીબો ને "પરિવાર" સાથે હસતા જોયા છે,  અને  

અમીરો ને "પરિવાર" વગર મંદિરો ની અંદર રોતા જોયા છે.

👀

ગામડામા રહેનાર ની નજર શહેર તરફ છે, 

શહેર મા રહેનાર ની નજર વિદેશ તરફ છે, 

વિદેશ મા જનાર ની નજર  વિશ્વ તરફ છે, 

પણ આ બધાય દુઃખી છે ㊙️

જેની નજર પોતાના "પરિવાર" તરફ છે,

 એ સૌથી વધુ સુખી છે. 💖

💔

©️જો "પરિવાર" મા નાની-નાની વાતો ને મોટી કરશો તો "પરિવાર" નાનો થશે, 

થોડુ જોયા કરજો, 👁️

થોડુ જતુ કરજો, 👐

થોડુ જાતે કરજો, ✊🏻

આ *જિંદગી *જીવવા જેવી લાગશે🤝🌷👌🌷👍

🙏 🌺🙏

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श्रीमदभागवद गीता

 जिस आदमी ने श्रीमदभगवद गीता का पहला उर्दू अनुवाद किया वो था मोहम्मद मेहरुल्लाह! बाद में उसने सनातन धर्म अपना लिया!

पहला व्यक्ति जिसने श्रीमदभागवद गीता का अरबी अनुवाद किया वो एक फिलिस्तीनी था अल फतेह कमांडो नाम का! जिसने बाद में जर्मनी में इस्कॉन जॉइन किया और अब हिंदुत्व में है!

पहला व्यक्ति जिसने इंग्लिश अनुवाद किया उसका नाम चार्ल्स विलिक्नोस था! उसने भी बाद में हिन्दू धर्म अपना लिया उसका तो ये तक कहना था कि दुनिया मे केवल हिंदुत्व बचेगा!

हिब्रू में अनुवाद करने वाला व्यक्ति Bezashition le fanah नाम का इसरायली था जिसने बाद में हिंदुत्व अपना लिया था भारत मे आकर!

पहला व्यक्ति जिसने रूसी भाषा मे अनुवाद किया उसका नाम था नोविकोव जो बाद में भगवान कृष्ण का भक्त बन गया था!*

आज तक 283 बुद्धिमानों ने श्रीमद भगवद गीता का अनुवाद किया है अलग अलग भाषाओं में जिनमें से 58 बंगाली, 44 अंग्रेजी, 12 जर्मन, 4 रूसी, 4 फ्रेंच, 13 स्पेनिश, 5 अरबी, 3 उर्दू और अन्य कई भाषाएं थी ओर इन सब मे दिलचस्प बात यह है कि इन सभी ने बाद मैं हिन्दू धर्म को अपना लिया था।

जिस व्यक्ति ने कुरान को बंगाली में अनुवाद किया उसका नाम गिरीश चंद्र सेन था! लेकिन वो इस्लाम मे नहीं गया शायद इसलिए कि वो इस अनुवाद करने से पहले श्रीमद भागवद गीता को भी पढ़ चुके थे !

ये है सनातन धर्म और इसके धार्मिक ग्रंथों की ताकत।

और हम हिन्दू इन्हें ख़ुद ही नही पढ़ते है, है ना अजीब विडम्बना ??

    

                "सत्यमेव जयते"

👏एक हिन्दू को इन👇  बातों की जानकारी , जबानी रखनी चाहिए :          

"श्री मद्-भगवत गीता"के बारे में-

ॐ . किसको किसने सुनाई?

उ.- श्रीकृष्ण ने अर्जुन को सुनाई। 

ॐ . कब सुनाई?

उ.- आज से लगभग 5110 साल पहले सुनाई।

ॐ. भगवान ने किस दिन गीता सुनाई?

उ.- रविवार के दिन।

ॐ. कोनसी तिथि को?

उ.- एकादशी 

ॐ. कहा सुनाई?

उ.- कुरुक्षेत्र की रणभूमि में।

ॐ. कितनी देर में सुनाई?

उ.- लगभग 45 मिनट में

ॐ. क्यू सुनाई?

उ.- कर्त्तव्य से भटके हुए अर्जुन को कर्त्तव्य सिखाने के लिए और आने वाली पीढियों को धर्म-ज्ञान सिखाने के लिए।

ॐ. कितने अध्याय है?

उ.- कुल 18 अध्याय

ॐ. कितने श्लोक है?

उ.- 700 श्लोक

ॐ. गीता में क्या-क्या बताया गया है?

उ.- ज्ञान-भक्ति-कर्म योग मार्गो की विस्तृत व्याख्या की गयी है, इन मार्गो पर चलने से व्यक्ति निश्चित ही परमपद का अधिकारी बन जाता है। 

ॐ. गीता को अर्जुन के अलावा 

और किन किन लोगो ने सुना?

उ.- धृतराष्ट्र एवं संजय ने

ॐ. अर्जुन से पहले गीता का पावन ज्ञान किन्हें मिला था?

उ.- भगवान सूर्यदेव को

ॐ. गीता की गिनती किन धर्म-ग्रंथो में आती है?

उ.- उपनिषदों में

ॐ. गीता किस महाग्रंथ का भाग है....?

उ.- गीता महाभारत के एक अध्याय शांति-पर्व का एक हिस्सा है।

ॐ. गीता का दूसरा नाम क्या है?

उ.- गीतोपनिषद

ॐ. गीता का सार क्या है?

उ.- प्रभु श्रीकृष्ण की शरण लेना

ॐ. गीता में किसने कितने श्लोक कहे है? 

उ.- श्रीकृष्ण जी ने- 574

अर्जुन ने- 84

धृतराष्ट्र ने- 1

संजय ने- 41

अपनी युवा-पीढ़ी को गीता जी के बारे में जानकारी पहुचाने हेतु इसे ज्यादा से ज्यादा शेअर करे। धन्यवाद

अधूरा ज्ञान खतरनाक होता है।

33 करोड नहीँ  33 कोटी देवी देवता हैँ हिँदू

धर्म मेँ।

कोटि = प्रकार। 

देवभाषा संस्कृत में कोटि के दो अर्थ होते है,

कोटि का मतलब प्रकार होता है और एक अर्थ करोड़ भी होता।

हिन्दू धर्म का दुष्प्रचार करने के लिए ये बात उडाई गयी की हिन्दुओ के 33 करोड़ देवी देवता हैं और अब तो मुर्ख हिन्दू खुद ही गाते फिरते हैं की हमारे 33 करोड़ देवी देवता हैं...

कुल 33 प्रकार (कोटी) के देवी देवता हैँ हिँदू धर्म मे :-

12 प्रकार हैँ आदित्य ...

, धाता, मित, आर्यमा,

शक्रा, वरुण, अँश, भाग, विवास्वान, पूष,

सविता, तवास्था, और विष्णु...!

8 प्रकार हे वसु:,....

 धर, ध्रुव, सोम, अह, अनिल, अनल, प्रत्युष और प्रभाष।

11 प्रकार है रुद्र:. ...

 हर,बहुरुप, त्रयँबक,

अपराजिता, बृषाकापि, शँभू, कपार्दी,

रेवात, मृगव्याध, शर्वा, और कपाली।

एवँ, दो प्रकार हैँ...

 अश्विनी और कुमार।

कुल :- 12+8+11+2=33 कोटी 

🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

१ हिन्दु होने के नाते जानना ज़रूरी है

अब आपकी बारी है कि इस जानकारी को आगे बढ़ाएँ  तो आपको भी आनंद होगा.....⛳

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हिंदू धर्म के 16 संस्कार

सनातन हिन्दू धर्म एक शाश्वत और प्राचीन धर्म है। यह एक वैज्ञानिक और विज्ञान आधारित धर्म होने के कारण निरंतर विकास कर रहा है। माना जाता है कि इसकी स्थापना ऋषियों और मुनियों ने की है। इसका मूल पूर्णत: वैज्ञानिक होने के कारण सदियां बीत जाने के बाद भी इसका महत्व कम नहीं हुआ है।  

प्रारम्भिक काल में हिन्दू समाज में गुरुकुल शिक्षा प्रणाली के अनुसार शिक्षा दी जाती थी, जो वैज्ञानिक होने के कारण विकासोन्मुख थी। सोलह संस्कारों को हिन्दू धर्म की जड़ कहें तो गलत नहीं होगा। इन्हीं सोलह संस्कारों में इस धर्म की संस्कृति और परम्पराएं निहित हैं जो निम्र हैं-

(1). गर्भाधान संस्कार, (2). पुंसवन संस्कार. (3). सीमन्तोन्नयन संस्कार, (4). जातकर्म संस्कार, (5). नामकरण संस्कार, (6). निष्क्रमण संस्कार, (7). अन्नप्राशन संस्कार, (8). चूड़ाकर्म संस्कार, (9). विद्यारम्भ संस्कार, (10). कर्णवेध संस्कार, (11). यज्ञोपवीत संस्कार, (12). वेदारम्भ संस्कार, (13). केशान्त संस्कार, (14). समावर्तन संस्कार, (15). विवाह संस्कार, (16). अंत्येष्टि संस्कार।

गर्भाधान संस्कार : गर्भाधान संस्कार के माध्यम से हिन्दू धर्म सन्देश देता है कि स्त्री-पुरुष संबंध पशुवत न होकर केवल वंशवृद्धि के लिए होना चाहिए। मानसिक और शारीरिक  रूप से स्वस्थ होने, मन प्रसन्न होने पर गर्भधारण करने से संतति स्वस्थ और बुद्धिमान होती है।

पुंसवन संस्कार : गर्भ धारण के तीन माह बाद गर्भ में जीव के संरक्षण और विकास के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि स्त्री अपने भोजन और जीवन शैली को नियम अनुसार करे। इस संस्कार का उद्देश्य स्वस्थ और उत्तम संतान की प्राप्ति है। यह तभी संभव है जब गर्भधारण विशेष तिथि और ग्रहों के आधार पर किया जाए।  

सीमन्तोनयन संस्कार : सीमन्तोनयन संस्कार गर्भधारण करने के बाद छठे या आठवें मास में किया जाता है। इस मास में गर्भपात होने की सबसे अधिक संभावनाएं होती हैं या इन्हीं महीनों में प्री-मेच्योर डिलीवरी होने की सर्वाधिक सम्भावना होती है। गर्भवती स्त्री के स्वभाव में परिवर्तन लाने, स्त्री के उठने-बैठने, चलने, सोने आदि की विधि आती है। मैडीकल साइंस भी इन महीनों में स्त्री को विशेष सावधानी रखने की सलाह देता है। भ्रूण के विकास और स्वस्थ बालक के लिए यह आवश्यक है। गर्भस्थ शिशु और माता की रक्षा करना इस संस्कार का मुख्य उद्देश्य है। स्त्री का मन प्रसन्न करने के लिए यह संस्कार किया जाता है।

जातकर्म संस्कार : यह  बालक के जन्म के बाद किया जाता है। इसमें बालक को शहद और घी चटाया जाता है। इससे बालक की बुद्धि का विकास तीव्र होता है। इसके बाद से माता बालक को बालक को स्तनपान कराना शुरू करती है। इस संस्कार की वैज्ञानिकता है कि बालक के लिए माता का दूध ही श्रेष्ठ भोजन है।  

नामकरण संस्कार : इस संस्कार का बहुत अधिक महत्व है। जन्म नक्षत्र को ध्यान में रखते हुए शुभ नक्षत्र में बालक को नाम दिया जाता है। नाम वर्ण की शुभता का प्रभाव बालक पर सम्पूर्ण जीवन रहता है। यह बालक के व्यक्तित्व का विकास करता है।  

निष्क्रमण संस्कार : इस संस्कार में बालक को सूर्य-चंद्र की ज्योति के दर्शन कराए जाते हैं। जन्म के चौथे मास में यह संस्कार किया जाता है।  इस दिन से  बालक को बाहरी वातावरण के संपर्क में लाया जाता है। शिशु को आस-पास के वातावरण से अवगत कराया जाता है।  

अन्नप्राशन संस्कार : इस संस्कार के बाद से बालक को माता के दूध के अतिरिक्त अन्य खाद्य पदार्थ देने शुरू किए जाते हैं। चिकित्सा विज्ञान भी यही कहता है कि एक समय सीमा के बाद बालक का पोषण केवल दूध से नहीं हो सकता। उसे अन्य पदार्थों की भी जरूरत होती है।  इस संस्कार का उद्देश्य खाद्य पदार्थों से बालक का शारीरिक और मानसिक विकास करना है। यही इसकी वैज्ञानिकता है।   

चूड़ाकर्म संस्कार : इसे मुंडन संस्कार के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। इसके लिए शिशु के जन्म के बाद के पहले, तीसरे और पांचवें वर्ष का चयन किया जाता है। शारीरिक स्वच्छता और बौद्धिक विकास इस संस्कार का उद्देश्य है। माता के गर्भ में रहने के समय और जन्म के बाद दूषित कीटाणुओं से मुक्त करने के लिए यह संस्कार किया जाता है। स्वच्छता से शारीरिक, मानसिक और बौद्धिक विकास अधिक तीव्र गति से होता है। यह विज्ञान भी मानता है।  
  
विद्यारम्भ संस्कार : विद्यारम्भ का अभिप्राय: बालक को शिक्षा के प्रारम्भिक स्तर से परिचित कराना है। प्राचीन काल में जब गुरुकुल की परम्परा थी तो बालक को वेदाध्ययन के लिए भेजने से पहले घर में अक्षर बोध कराया जाता था। मां-बाप तथा गुरुजन पहले उसे मौखिक रूप से श्लोक, पौराणिक कथाओं आदि का अभ्यास करा दिया करते थे ताकि गुरुकुल में कठिनाई न हो। हमारा शास्त्र विद्यानुरागी है। विद्या अथवा ज्ञान ही मनुष्य की आत्मिक उन्नति का साधन है। शिक्षा विज्ञान की ओर  प्रथम कदम है।  यही यह संस्कार बताता है।

कर्णभेद संस्कार : इस संस्कार का आधार बिल्कुल वैज्ञानिक है। बालक की शारीरिक व्याधि से रक्षा ही इसका मूल उद्देश्य है। प्रकृति प्रदत्त इस शरीर के सारे अंग महत्वपूर्ण हैं। कान हमारे श्रवण द्वार हैं। कर्ण वेधन से व्याधियां दूर होती हैं तथा श्रवण शक्ति भी बढ़ती है।

यज्ञोपवीत संस्कार : बच्चे की धाॢमक और आध्यात्मिक उन्नति के लिए यह संस्कार किया जाता है।  इसमें जनेऊ धारण कराया जाता है। इस संस्कार का सम्बन्ध लघु या दीर्घ शंका के बाद स्वच्छता से है। इसे कान में लपेटने से एक्यूप्रैशर ङ्क्षबदु पर दबाव पड़ता है, जिससे लघु या दीर्घ शंका से बिना किसी कष्ट के निदान हो जाता है।
विद्यारम्भ संस्कार : इस संस्कार के द्वारा यह यत्न किया गया है कि इस धर्म के हर व्यक्ति को अपने धर्म का वैज्ञानिक ज्ञान होना चाहिए। यह जीवन के चतुर्मुखी विकास के लिए बहुत उपयोगी हैं।

केशांत संस्कार : इस संस्कार का उद्देश्य बालक को शिक्षा क्षेत्र से निकाल कर सामाजिक क्षेत्र से जोडऩा है। गृहस्थाश्रम में प्रवेश का यह प्रथम चरण है। बालक  का आत्मविश्वास बढ़ाने, समाज और कर्म क्षेत्र की परेशानियों से अवगत कराने का कार्य यह संस्कार करता है।  

समावर्तन संस्कार : गुरुकुल से विदाई के पूर्व यह संस्कार किया जाता है। आज गुरुकुल परम्परा समाप्त हो गई है, इसलिए यह संस्कार अब नहीं  किया जाता है। इस उपाधि से वह सगर्व गृहस्थाश्रम में प्रवेश करने का अधिकारी समझा जाता था।  

विवाह संस्कार : विवाह संस्कार अपने बाद अपनी पीढ़ी का अंश इस दुनिया को दिए जाने का मार्ग है। परिपक्व आयु में विवाह संस्कार प्राचीन काल से मान्य रहा है। समाजिक बन्धनों में बांधने और अपने कर्मों से न भागने देने के लिए बच्चों को विवाह संस्कार करके एक अदृश्य डोर में बांध दिया जाता है।  

अंत्येष्टि संस्कार : जब मनुष्य का शरीर इस संसार के कर्म करने योग्य नहीं रह जाता है, मन की उमंग भी समाप्त हो जाती है, तब इस शरीर का जीव उड़ जाता है। पंचतत्वों से बने इस नश्वर शरीर के दाह संस्कार का विधान है जिससे शरीर के वायरस और बैक्टीरिया समाप्त हो जाएं। क्योंकि जैसे ही इस शरीर का जीव निकलता है, शरीर पर वायरस और बैक्टीरिया का जबरदस्त हमला होता है। इस प्रकार यह भी एक वैज्ञानिक  संस्कार है।

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Vivah Sanskaar

 

Hinduism is a way of life. Thousands of year ago Samskaras or sacraments were instituted by Hinduism to bring sanctity and stability to the lives of the individuals and to integrate their personalities with the society they were born in. The ancient seers and sages, gifted with light and resource, tried to transform the crude animal into a refined man with the help of the Samskars. As in Philosophy so in rituals, life is regarded as a cycle. From birth to death a Hindu person undergoes 16 Samskaras; and marriage is one of the most important among them.

Manu, the great sage enjoins, ‘Having spent the first quarter of one’s life in the house of the preceptor, the second quarter in one’s own house with the wife, and the third in the forest, one should take Sannyas in the fourth quarter, casting away every worldly tie.’

The sacrament of marriage impresses upon a person that earthly life is not to be despised; rather it should be consciously accepted and elevated to the level of a spiritual existence. This is the rich, noble heritage of Hindu ethos.

Thousands of Hindu families are settled outside India all over the world. They have strong ties with the Hindu culture and way of life, and feel that should, on such important occasions of life like marriage, avail themselves of the rich, noble heritage of Hindu thought. They like to perform the Samskara in the traditional Hindu way.

However, even those who are staying in India, know little Sanskrit. No wonder those who are not born in India, find it unfamiliar. For their convenience, Jnana Prabodhini has translated the rites into English. Similar English versions of Namakaran (naming ceremony ), Upanayana (thread ceremony ), Ganesha Pooja, Satyanarayana Pooja, are also available. Receptions are usually arranged to celebrate the joy of wedding. Gatherings of near and dear ones most certainly enhance the pleasure of the occasion. However, Hindu marriage ceremony is a sacred vow, an ennobling Samskara and it is advisable that the rites may be performed in the presence of a limited number, in a serene, quiet atmosphere and the other celebrations follow later.

Punyahavachan (calling the day auspicious), Sankalpa (expressing the desire to marry), Mangalsutrabandhana (adorning bride’s neck with the auspicious necklace, Panigrahan (receiving hands), Agnisaksha Pratijna (pledge before the fire), Lajahoma (sacrificing popped rice), Parikraman (perambulating the holy fire), Shilarohan (ascending the stone), Saptapadi (walking seven steps together) and Karmasamapti (concluding ceremony) are supposed to be the essential rites in marriage. Nakshatradarshan [soliciting the blessings of seven sages (stars) and Dhruva (pole star)], Griha Pravesh (the bride enters the in-laws’ house, and Lakshmipoojan are optional rites.

The whole content of marriage ceremony is rich with noblest thoughts. In Hindu tradition, marriage is not just a contract between two individuals. It is a union of two souls for their own betterment, for the betterment of their progeny, of their relations and the society at large. Grihasthashrama (life of the householder) is supposed to be the backbone of the society. It shelters all other Ashramas-phases of life. Ashramas and Purusharthas form the fabric of Hindu life.

Purusharthas are major goals to be attained in the life span for the attainment of Dharma (righteous life), Artha (material resources), Kama (fulfillment of natural desires), marriage is instrumental. Moksha (self-realization) is an individual pursuit,

Any gentleman or lady of good character belonging to any caste or creed can conduct the ceremony as a priest or a priestess.

The beauty and sublimity with which our forefathers formulated it are unmatched.

Stability is foundation of all relationships in Hinduism.

The cheap use and throw mentality is western concept.

Even relationships are being like use and throw nowadays with degraded social values and replaced gratitude.

Divorces are easy, live-in relationship is easy, sex is easy.

Our vedic heritage thought of stability and chastity in relationships.. hence the concept of marriage of janmas and not for this birth only.

Even servants were serving the master for generations. Even masters treated the servants with that trust. Stability is the key in relationships.

The western culture has destroyed all gratitude, chastity and stability in life. There is no sense of stability in life but just use and throw. Relationships are valued in terms of money. Just use and move forward for more money.

A conscious being makes a conscious choice to take next janma with same soul.

Devi and Ma Parvati are same soul in different janmas who both married Shiva.

Ma Laxmi is always consort of Shri Vishnu. All Shri Vishnu avatars have Ma Lakshmi incarnate as his partner.

Shri Rama and Ma Sita are a stable committed couple.

Gandhari decides to even blind-fold her eye for life when she found that Dhritrashtra was blind. That was her commitment and stability and not compulsion or requirement.

Mandodri is one of chaste women’s revered in Hinduism. Her chastity and stability ensured long life for Ravana.

An unconscious person in kali yuga makes unconscious choices and is stuck in maya matrix of materialism, is stuck in pleasures of his senses and cannot easily realize these sacred values and sacred truths.

 

These were part of lifestyle in Vedic times.

 

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It's all about "Perspective"

 Indian Sweets carry Positive Psychology and Sweets 😋 

1. Jalebi

Your shape doesn't matter, 

your nature does .

No matter how messed up you look or life is , keeping a sweet tone will always help .

2. Rasgulla

No matter how much you are squeezed by circumstances,  never forget who you are . Come back to your original self . Be resilient.  

3. Boondi Ladoo

Every little drop of boondi matters. Similarly little and continuous  efforts can bring in  miraculous results.  

Continue doing little things, success will follow.

4. Soan papdi

Not everyone likes you, yet the maker doesn't stop to make you. 

Pursue your goals , irrespective of validation.  

5. Gulab jamun 

Your softness is not your weakness,  it can be your strength.  

Softness is a quality much appreciated, be proud of it.

6. Besan ka Ladoo

If you get shattered due to pressure,  you can always rebuild.  

It's a symbol of HOPE. No matter what goes wrong , we can always fix it

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Happy & Blessed - Indian Mother of Two

Having 2 kids is such a blessing . . . because they entertain each other. Oh, and family outings are more fun, they look after each other as they get older, and all that other stuff.


But I’m going to give it to you straight: it’s not going to feel like a blessing in the beginning. And that’s OK because it’s only for a little while. During those first few months, it’s all about survival.

I wish someone had been honest with me about the beginning months with two kids, other than “You’ll be fine!” You will be fine, but it is definitely worth to prepare yourself for bringing home baby number two.

Single children are often pampered and spoiled. They don't know sharing and caring and most importantly they miss the love of one very important person in their lives; the sibling. Honestly, the petty fights, sharing food, going to school together, growing up together, seriously, it matters a lot! There is more to your life than just being in parents' laps. 

You explore many of your first-times with your siblings. There are a load of things which are dangerous to share with your parents, it is your siblings who come to rescue! Trust me, This is true! Blood relation is very strong and one gets a lifetime companion whom they can lean onto anytime.

To give you an example,
I have one cousin who had full focus of his parents. He rarely did chores, did not get to play with friends or others after dinner, and spent most of his time at study or watching TV. He spent every summer alone. Most of his friends had siblings, and he always lamented not having someone to share secrets with, or play with after dinner.

On the contrary I was the eldest of two. We spent countless hours pretending the floor was lava, made up secret languages to keep secrets from our parents and friends, and hid from monsters under each other’s beds. Even when we fought, we loved each other. We became best friends. I would not trade him for the world.

Rest it is your choice.

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Women's Empowerment - Facts, Stories and How To Help

Empowerment doesn't mean smoking, drinking, exploring sexuality (like shown in Netflix's She) only, it means fighting against all the odds and coming out on top. Its about setting goals and achieving them, its about becoming A WINNER !!

Women’s empowerment can be defined to promoting women’s sense of self-worth, their ability to determine their own choices, and their right to influence social change for themselves and others.

It is closely aligned with female empowerment – a fundamental human right that’s also key to achieving a more peaceful, prosperous world.

Below mentioned are 7 principles can be used to empower women in the marketplace, workplace and community.

The seven Principles are:

• Principle 1: Create high-level corporate leadership for gender equality
• Principle 2: Treat all people fairly at work, respecting and supporting non-discrimination and human rights
• Principle 3: Ensure the health, wellbeing and safety of all workers, whether male or female
• Principle 4: Promote education, training and professional development for women
• Principle 5: Implement supply chain, marketing practices and enterprise development that empower women
• Principle 6: Champion equality through community initiatives and advocacy
• Principle 7: Measure and report publicly on progress to create gender equality

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